Konrad Fischer's Homepage: Restoration, Preservation and Refurbishing of the Old Building and Patrimonial Monument
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Die Huellflaechentemperierung - Richtig und falsch heizen - the complete german version about the topic of this page
Restoration of old buildings, conservation of monuments - Tips and Tricks +++ Mold attack - What to do? A Guide
Rising Damp - A Fake? +++ Low-cost Repair, Renovation + Refurbishing of your old House
Traditional Craftmanship in Modern Mortars – Does it work in practice?
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The Room Surface / Room Envelope Heating System 2
Properly or Risky Heating

Building conservation and the perfect indoor climate without HVAC-Systems
Sustainable interior room surface / building structure heating via IR-radiating heat

Storing of sun light in a solid brick wall in February. Source of the diagram: Wichmann & Varsek, Rationeller Bauen, February 1983

The incoming short wave light rays will be absorbed from the lighted materials and reemitted as long wave IR-radiation. So the directly and diffusivly incoming solar light is converted into heat. Good to know: Heat radiation can not and never penetrate a single window glass pane!

Electromagnetic waves and glass. A diagram of Professor Dr.-Ing. habil. Claus Meier: The simple glass pane of usual windows is not permeable for the wavelengths of the shortwave UV radiation (< 0.3 µm) and longwave electromagnetic IR radiation (infrared radiant heat > 2.7 µm). Only the visible light range will penetrate the glass.

Note: The R_th-values/U-values (= "U") are not common with the changes of the temperature and the practical effect of the thermal insulation. The crazy joke: The experts of R-values define their results without any regard of the time and amount of heating energy in the proof before they start measuring. Heavy materials suck up and store huge amounts of energy. Therefore they can lose much more energy than air filled insulation. Likewise such experts could compare the losses of water of a filled lake with a filled pint. They neglect the free daily energy radiation outside the building from the sun and the surroundings in their dark laboratory and soul too. So they forget the creeks and rivers, which fill up the storable lake again and again. Think about it, then you will detect the unbelievable deceit even if you are no doctor and only a normal stupid guy and moron like me. All is done by a big conspiracy against your wallet since many years: the insulation industries, the producers of prefabricated houses and their 'scientific', planning and working staff - maybe also your craftsmen, architects and civil engineers - get your money for their shit.

Eggenbach Baroque half timbered house in Eggenbach No. 2/3 - Complete conservation and heat radiation system with base board heating 1990
Castle cellar in the Palas of the castle Burgthann (Burgthann (Roads to ruins) <> Burgthann (association of castle's friends)),

The Neuenburg castle
Gallery wing, double chapel and restaurant of Neuenburg Castle near Freyburg/Unstrut (the Neuenburg castle in Roads of ruins, (photo Ed Kane 2000: Konrad Fischer with the draft of Neuenburg castle), <> Neuenburg official site <> Neuenburg castle (DBV))

Former synagogue in Odenbach, Rhineland-Palatine, - keeping at a moderate temperature for conservatorical purpose



Barn and stable in the Hennebergisches Museum Kloster Veßra, Temperating for conservatorical purpose

Gustav-Adolf-Museum in Geleitshaus Weißenfels Temperating heating system for the museum, restaurant, living rooms, seminar rooms

Zeyern, former farm house, now dwelling house of family Kaiser, a blog- and half timbered construction

Further since 2001 approx. 25 radiation heating systems for buildings from different epochs until today in Bavaria, Baden-Wuerttemberg, Berlin, Brandenburg, Hamburg, Hessen, Lower Saxony, North Rhine-Westphalia, Rheinland-Pfalz, Saxonia, Saxonia-Anhalt, Schleswig-Holstein and Thuringia.

One of the last: The prince bishop's summer resort Veitshoechheim Castle (planning and execution 2001-04, for details look the final report below.) www.wuerzburg-photos.de - Veitshoechheim Castle and Garden - Photos

From the provisional final report - summary (act. Version 10/07):

Lecture reader / handout (updated) for: - Technical building equipment in the architectural monument Conference of the adviser for monument preservation of 'The German Castles Association for the Preservation of Historic Buildings' (Deutsche Burgenvereinigung DBV e.V:). Wuerzburg, fortress Marienberg, 31.01. - 01.02.2004 - Study day for preservation and restoration Care of monuments and monument use The architectural monument and its equipment in the area of conflict between preservation and use Training further center of the FH Erfurt, 25.06.2004 - Room envelope and technology in the architectural monument Annual convention of the skilled work circle of castles and gardens in Germany Bayreuth, Neues Schloss, 02. - 04.04.2006 Konrad Fischer Conserving buildings and interiors by keeping them at a moderate temperature Bases, planning, execution and operation by the example of the garden castle Veitshoechheim The castle Veitshoechheim had been built 1680 to 1682 as a summer resort for the prince bishop Peter Philipp von Dernbach of Wuerzburg of architect Heinrich Zimmer, perhaps after plans of Antonio Petrini. Under prince bishop Karl Philipp of Greiffenclau the castle had been extended with living rooms / apartments by architect Balthasar Neumann 1749 to 1753 adding transverse buildings at the narrow sides. The complete building is approx. 55 m long and in average approx. 12 m broad and contains two floors with a storey height of approx. 5 meter. The attic is an empty room without use. The fronts with external walls are approx. 70 cm thick and consist of rendered / plastered natural stone masonry and large single pane windows, predominantly four wings with glazing bars. Garden castle Veitshoechheim, the front from west Front from east From 1752 to 1753 Antonio Bossi created the rich stucco works at the ceilings and walls in the upper floor. Stucco ornament in the OG In 1810 some rooms got furnished for the habsburgian Grand Duke Ferdinand of Toskana. The high-quality of room equipment and the castle's importance had been improved with rare wall papers. Wall paper in the duke's toilet, ... ... above the toilet seat a ventilation shaft. The castle is used only seasonally and in the winter closed for visitors. The climatic measurements before the project start proofed, that weather and use-conditioned moistening and wide range variations of the seasonally temperature change brought huge amounts of condensation of damp warm air in the cooler walls especially in spring time. The harmful hygrothermal fluctuations caused substantial damage to the solid building construction (dry rot, corrosion) and the high-quality mobile and wall-fixed equipment (black mold / mildew /fungal growth on the organic wall papers, deterioration of water absorbing wooden, textile and organically coated surfaces, losing binder in the detached or disintegrated historic paint layers, mobilizing of salts in mineralic parts of the wall like render and natural stone. In the stucco parts and all external walls cracks and hollow aereas had been caused by moisture and temperatur stress). The long termed comparative measurement of the external and internal air temperatures and indoor climate proofed f.e. in March 2001 higher outside temperatures up to 13 K. In January I measured with my IR-Thermometer 0 °C on the internal wall surfaces of the first floor. So condensate storage into the undercooled internal areas and temperature stress in all parts of the building construction had been unavoidable. The long term degradation of the building envelope components is correlated with the outdoor climate and contradicting all efforts of maintenance and building repair. Wall paper with formation of black mold / mildew Some years before the responsible building office of the state repaired the damages of the condensate-moistured rotten timberwork (dry rot) in the attic. Additional static support by steel girder systems was inserted. After uncovering of the timber floor boards and the parquet flooring in the upper floor also here large condensate-caused wood damages became apparent. During cold outside temperatures the surplus room air dampness could condens at the single windows. This decreased larger moisture penetration damage in the other building parts in critical climatic situations. Infrared radiant heat (wavelength > 2.7 µm) cannot penetrate glass panes just like ultra-violet UV light (< 0.3 µm). Over 99% of the heat transport through the outer envelope depends on radiant heat and not on so called 'heat conductivity' and the R-value (in a room with 20 m² and 2.50 m height the 50 m³ heating air with 62,5 kg weight and adequate amount of heating energy stands in the opposite to an infrared IR thermal radiation of the to 20 °C warmed up surfaces of inner walls, ceiling and floor with over 10 tons weight and their huge sum of stored heating energy!). The single windows reduce the humidity content of the room air by target condensation and improved gap permeability in the heating season also. This decreases also the power requirement for the heating up of air. In addition double glass is diminishing the energy gain from free solar radiation. For all these reasons single windows are - contrary to usual acceptance - pure energy savings constructions. They were repaired without any additional glazing. Permeability of window glass pane for wavelength spectra: UV and IR wavelenghts can not permeate the glass pane, the range of visible light can! (diagram: Professor Dr.-Ing. habil. Claus Meier, Nueremberg) The governmental building office Wuerzburg and the Bavarian castle administration decided in view of the climatically caused dampness damage to conservational counter measures: In connection with the restoration of the room envelopes / shells and use-conditioned changes I got charged with engineering for the installation of a climate stabilizing and temperating room envelope heating system. Main objective for the heating strategy thereby has been the prevention of further condensing into the internal building surfaces, furniture and other exhibited equipment. To reduce the room climate change stresses on the surfaces only slowly sliding temperature and dampness changes are allowed. This conservational goals are fulfilled by a programmable control of the interior temperature 6 K (Kelvin) over the outside temperature in a temperature range from at least 6 °C to upper delimitation on 20 °C. This economically driven heating with starting from 5 Kelvin temperature difference and disconnection at 7 Kelvin is sufficient in order to work against internal condensate admission. The corrosive moistening and temperature stress on the damageable and sensitive content of the historic building are substantially diminished thereby. The often postulated so-called 'ideal climate' for indoor situation in museum rooms with relatve humidity of 45-55 %, an arbitrary definition without scientifically sufficient reason, was for our planning irrelevant and remained unconsidered. Many more substantially for the reduction of the damp- and temperature-dependent material corrosion are: the climatic fluctuations and changes nearby the exposed equipment and the building parts and the actual surface temperature of the objects. These are are relvant topics for the dampness admission and absorption and must be controlled. A low air humidity can cause severe condensate damages by contacting an under-temperated material surface. The situation at the material surface is the protection object in the sense of preservation and conservation! This dedicates the temperating radiation heating as the indispensal safeguard-strategy and conservational treatment in contrast to usual air conditioning: The radiant heat as electromagnetic wave within the IR range penetrates the room air at speed of light. The heat radiation can't heat the air, but only the irradiated surfaces. The warmed surface then 'indirectly' warm up the contacting air molecules. As analogy the rays of light illuminate only light absorbing objects by impact, but in the air however are invisible. Thus heat-irradiated objects are always warmer and on higher temperature level, than the air molecules nearby. The air in rooms with heat radiation is warmed up only indirectly in the contact range with the warmed material. Therefore these room air remains always cooler than the room envelope and the inventory. Thus the air pressure difference to outside air is diminished, likewise the ventilation heat losses and the heating energy consumption. Dampness from air can condense only at colder, not at warmer surface. To that extent all air heating systems and likewise over air heating working convectionally heating systems (convector heating, baseboard heating) work not only as dust centrifuges, but also as humidification mechanisms with senselessly wasteful heating energy consumption. For museums, historically valuable equipped rooms and damp-sensitive building constructions and inventories offers the room envelope heating based on radiant heat unbeatable advantages. Both in conservational and in economical sense regarding the operating cost. Temperature curves in first and second floor in relation to the outside temperature as control default for the wall envelope heating system Also during the computation and planning of the heating system we calculated in accordance with the governmental building service department quite differently, than by the standard procedure. Our heat requirement calculation regarded the local yearly temperature curve (not the average for whole Germany) and by the arithmetic procedures with the Reff-values of Professor Claus Meier, which considers the solar absorption and heat storage capability of the solid building materials in relation to the local solar radiation which can be found exactly in Veitshoechheim in the yearly process. Together with the economically advantages of the wall envelope heating the ventilation heat losses could be reduced substantially. The initial values of the heat conduction coefficients for the historical structures were inferred from the technical standard quality specifications and terms of the TGL 35424/02 (a building regulation of the former German Democratic Republik), since the new building-oriented DIN 4108 supplies no values. The alternative computation improves the R-value of a wall on the north side of 1,14 on 0,54, at the east and west side of 1,14 on 0,20 and on the south side of 1,14 up (minus!)-0.12 W/m²K. Some examples of the german building research shall illustrate the correctness of our controversial point of view: In an open land measurement the department of building research of the federal research institute for agriculture FAL in Braunschweig showed that solid construction parts (here a 11.5 cm thick brick masonry) achieve substantially higher temperatures, as the air temperature set during the standard heat requirement calculation (blue curve). Thicker solid walls can store this solar energy and save it also into the night. Thus the heat requirement of the space heating is lowered. The standard computation does not consider that. The fact that the insulating characteristics of lightweight building materials contradicts the needs of heat protection in summer, proofed our "Lichtenfelser Experiment - Experiment of Lichtenfels". 4 cm thick building material plates has been irradiated by a red light bulb for 10 minutes, then the temperature rising at the backside was measured. Almost adventurously bad R-values (U-values) offer the best insulating effects! The materials from above: Mineral Wool, Expanded Polystyrene EPS, Foamglas, Brick, Wood Fibre Board, Gypsum Card Board, Solid Pinewood. The good temperature insulation of lightweight wooden materials depends on the evaporation of their material moisture, which transports away the heat of the radiated surface. In the year 1983 the Fraunhofer Institut Holzkirchen came to know by comparative measurements of different wall constructions (see diagram), that the smallest energy consumption requires the worst (!) k-values (=R-values). That comes probably from ability of solid materials to diminish the consumption of heat energy by storing the solar energy during the night in the heating periods of autumn and spring. In this case we did not take advantage of all possibilities that the real physics of radiation after Kirchhoff, Boltzmann and Planck as well as the results of practical building research would provide us, in order to find a safer working heating. Our planning contract has given us a big problem of responsibility, so some more safeguarding in such a big project is understandable. The differnce regarding technical equipment coservational protection and building investments to common planning is still huge enough. The calculated heat requirement had been so clearly more favorably, that a small combined heat and power unit CHP (12.5 KW) with a buffer in the vaulted celler is sufficient. The additionally peak load is supplied by the already existing calorific value gas boilers (24 KW) of the living apartment of the facility manager. The combined heat and power unit CHP in the cellar floor produces electrical power for the electrical wall envelope heating in the winter and the museum's need in summertime and warm water for the heating in the ground floor. Buffer storage of the combined heat and power unit CHP in the cellar floor . Perfectly According to the heating and the building physics norms a 20 °C warm surface provides an output of 0 Watts (for lack of temperature difference to the even warm air). That's a wrong illusion if not a fraud and will produce cost-expensive heating systems and senseless thermal insulation! Such warm surfaces can irradiate many more heating power ratings because of the radiation laws. The efficiency of a room envelope heating system operating with radiation system therefore can not be seized by standard defaults. The warm water pipes in subordinated areas are installed openly, the base tubing cycles in the visitor range and more important areas are installed under the wall render/plaster or as underfloor system. This was a compromise between esthetic postulations of the responsible restorators, the interventions in the historic building and the efficiency of the heating system. The areas with increased temperature requirements (office, guest toilets) got additional warm water-supplied radiant panels (radiators). All the execution planning was done by highly graded graphic details for all technical components and interventions. This showed up during the drawing phase all the conflicts between old and new parts as well as an exact performance specification. The expenditure used for this very detailed planning work could diminish unplanned building interventions and material losses, cost explosions and date disasters. Excerpts from the design and execution plans The supply lines between the floors could be led through existing chimneys and pits. The arrangement of the warm water distribution in a subordinated room niche - careful for the building In the entrance area of the ground floor the old floor had to be taken up. So the heating pipes could be installed in the underfloor. In all high-quality areas the castle administration consisted on installation under the plaster. The building interventions, the more expensive measures and the loss of efficiency given thereby had been accepted. The radiation temperature of the plastered base cycle can be measured with an IR thermometer. The openly installed pipes of the room envelope heating system in the building, for increased heat requirement supplemented with radiator panels. The heating pipes in the building before and after finishing the refurbishing work As safeguard against water damage in the splendor areas of the upper floor the heating system had been carefully installed behind the panel, under the floor and on the stucco frame by electrical heating wires of small power output (20 W/m). The wire route behind the panel and the nearly invisible heating wire on the stucco frame In wintertime mobile marble slab heat emitters of different size with a power output of 400 W to 1.500 W are in use. They are arranged in the center of the rooms and irradiate the room envelopes. The electric power of the combined heat and power unit CHP is used also for the electrical room envelope heating. The temporary surplus is fed in the electrical net in accordance with the power-heat-mixing law (KWK law). The electrical radiator panels in the initial application as building site heating and in the summer half-year in the depot. Because of the pilot character of the project our client required an complex controlling of the heating technique and the monitoring of the room climate values. The energy consumption of the heating cycle components can be evaluated individually. Excerpt from the control plans of the room envelope heating system The heating energy consumption per square meter in the warm water-supplied ground floor is higher as in the the electrically heated upper floor. We suppose as a logically result of the plastered installation, which diminishes the radiation power likewise a shadowing board would do this for a light bulb or an umbrella against the sun light. So - burying the heating pipes in the building construction will convert and a powerful sun to a pale gloomy moon ;-) Annual consumption: 1st floor kWh/a Warm water 2nd floor kWh/a Electricity 1st+2nd floor kWh/a Consumption 04 30.796 17.035 47.831 Consumption 05 30.916 20.645 51.561 Consumption 06 28.455 18.719 47.174 Referring to the temperature monitoring the minimum temperature level in the rooms had been at approx. 7 to 10 °C, even at lowest outside temperatures. This proofs the ideal interaction between the solid building construction and the room envelope heating technology. The additional calorific value gas boiler for load peaks had to contribute scarcely 4per cent to consumption. Thus the example Veitshoechheim proofs that this heating system can provide generally energy savings in castles, palaces and other historic buildings. In many monuments are the usual - technically and economically dubious or negative - energy saving measures such as the installation of thermal insulation on the facade or interior walls and the replacement of historic windows against modern insulated windows already excluded due to crucial conservational arguments. So the remaining energy-saving measures are limited on the heating system - and there they may also be particularly successful. Outside temperature and interior temperature from 12th. to 18th January 2004. The contol works perfectly and absorbs the temperature peaks. The storing of the radiant heat in the solid construction prevents also condensate by surprisingly incoming warm air supply from the outside. The interior temperature corresponds to the regulation goal. (Red - room temperature, managed by the heating regulation; Blue: Outside temperature) The building manager and Kastellan controls the total system during his job. The screen curves show outside temperature and interior temperatures of the different ranges as well as the changing peaks of the electrical room envelope heating. The damage arising outside at the castle base (pictures left above and down) is naturally no result of a ascending dampness / rising damp. It is anyway impossible because of the infinite capillary resistance between the micropore system of the masonry unit and the macropore system of the masonry mortar. Also the long time moistured masonry in a tub (center above) proofs this in sufficiently clarity. Therefore the dampness horizon of the water founded historical city hall in Bamberg follows only the range of the against flowing river water. Typical damages caused by painting of silicate / waterglass / potassium and strengthening are the cracking off of the over-strengthened and capillary sealed surface crusts. This silicate coatings destroyed the original baroque render / plaster at the cistercian monastery Waldsassen (center down). Also so-called healing plaster (Sanierputz) (on the right down) cause no dehumidifying and desalting. They separate from the plaster base and burst because of superelevated dampness on the back side and the driving mineral formation between cementous bonding agent and the usual sulfate load (gypsum) in the underground. The sometimes expressed hope, that a room envelope heating system beside it's condensate avoidance can also fight ascending dampness / rising damp is likewise a utopia, exactly the same as by the widespread dewatering methods by means of horizontally masonry sawing, inox-steel sheets pressing, electro osmosis and bore hole injections. Altogether the room envelope heating system in the castle Veitshoechheim can proof the positive effect of the tempering radiant heat technology in the solid construction with single windows from the conservatorically and energetically point of view. The construction costses: Warm water heating system with the combined heat and power unit CHP: 70,000 EUR, electrical heating: 35,000 EUR, control: 50,000 EUR. I thank the Bavarian castle administration and the national building construction office Wuerzburg for the proven confidence in our planning deviating from (nearly) all standards and the fair contract design as well as my coworker Dipl.-Ing. Peter Goehring for his never diminishing commitment at the time of the development and execution of substance-careful building services. Hochstadt am Main, 15.10.2007 The restoration report of the Bavarian castle administration, BD Peter Seibert

Fits also: Pdf scientific paper: Analysing indoor Climate in Building Heritage in Slovenia of Marjana Šijanec Zavrl, ZRMK, Technological Building and Civil Enginering Institute, Ljubljana, Slovenia. It is reported, how the gigantic condensation effects by summer air and concert use at the room envelopes in a historic castle and a church are measured. Proofs for the preserving effect (without any view of energy consumption - why probably?) of a room envelope heating system are given, although unfortunately installed under the plaster by acceptance the losses of original building substance and energetical efficiency. A scientific paper, however quite worth reading.

The building


The splendour rooms and stairwells are heated in the winter half-year with mobile aerial-heating electric shaft convector heaters


The splendour room with gilt stamped leather wallpaper, inlaid work pieces of furniture and chinoise/chinese equipment is getting much 'fresh' external air by his situation near of the head-visitor's entrance. This means in the summer half-year with high air dampness a lot of condensate load and in winter with extremely dry air a reinforced dehydration of the aired room materials.


Result: The leather wallpaper becomes fragile and shows cracks, the seams burst, the leather buckles and becomes wavy.


A few rooms further: The wall clothings from painted wooden boards (lambris) burst and get gaping joints. The painting layers / coatings are destroyed by cracking off the subsoil / chalk ground and stand hollow mainly about the particularly stressed glue joints.


A mirror hall with crystal chandeliers, gilt piece work, tender stucco and chinoise ceiling painting on chalk ground

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Chipping off painting layers / separations on the oil painted / laqued boiserie / wood boards / panels / lambris


Splitting off laque paint coatings of the door panels


The magnificent dining room with gilt piece work / carvings and ceiling stucco and china / porcelain centrepiece


The aired painted and oil-gilt wall panel is cracked and deformed.

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Parts of the gilt wall panels are bursting


Large parts of the cover beam, particularly stressed by air condensate, were rotten by dry rot and had been repaired

The building - a choir tower church. On the inspection day had been an air temperature up to 32° C outside and inside from 17 to 20°C. Ideal condition for a thorough humidification of the building inside thanks to the moistured air streams between the during the whole day open tower entrance and at the entrance at the other end of the church situated in the nave.


Painting layer separation in the base of the altar / choir room


At the wooden sculpture of the high altar in the choral space: Stripping off of the oil gilding / painting layers on chalk ground


Alga infestation / green algae in the base beside the side altar


Alga infestation / green algae in base zone - detail. An extensive certificate of a construction test institute proves nearly no mold load, however, comes on the extensive alga education with no (!) word.


The measurement with a moisture meter / hygrometer gives high results - the accompanying material dampness measurement with the dry method proves values near the material saturation. Quite whimsically what pure condensate is able to perform.


Crude green alga infestation also in the nave. Here particularly humid-loaded airflows come naturally in the cooled down wall surface. Besides, the solid building in the absence of winter heating stores especially long the cold and will therefore in the beginning of the warmer period (spring) catch huge condensate


Baroque wooden sculpure - Madonna / Maria with Jesus' child with extensively damaged (cheek on the left) painting layers and oil gilding on chalk ground.


Moistured sculpture base of marbled wood with woodworm infestation (anobium punctatum) - proof for longer persistent wooden dampness more than approx. 20 percent.


The damage at the oil painting of the stations of the cross / way of the cross / via crucis / via dolorosa: Craquelée /cracked painting layer on the canvas. Where the canvas lies on the instep frame without streaming along humid air on the backside, the damage / cracking is clearly reduced.

The Kina slott / Chinese castle / China pavilion had been built by Adolf Friedrich (swedish: Fredrik) von Holstein-Gottorp (1710-1771, elected as swedish king by the Riksdag 1743) after plans of Carl Fredrik Adelcrantz, furnished by Jean Eric Rehn and paintings probably by Johan Pasch. In 1753 the king gave the small castle his wife Luise (in Swedish: Lovisa) Ulrike von Preussen (1720-1782), sister of Friedrich II. and the Bayreuthian mark countess Wilhelmine, as birthday gift. The model for the construction probably had been the german / prussian castle Rheinsberg where Friedrich II built a chinese/chinoise pavilion 1747.

The China castle's last restoring inside / interior was done 1959-1968. The "big" exterior renovation and technical modernisation started 1989 and finished 1996. It modernised the castle by use off all kinds of technical modernities in a manner typical for time. It is heated since then during winterly closing by mobile electrical air heaters. Of course - see the also above photo from the 8th of August, 2008 - certain windows during the visit times remain open. Then warm damp air flows through the chilly sensitive building and his valuable surfaces and coverings, condenses in the more or less stable building materials, textiles, leather surfaces and painting layers one and provides constantly temperature stress and humid stress with following secondary damages.


Painting layer / coating damages also outside at the facade. The dispersion silicate colour of the 80th restoring (in the market deceitfully recommended as "a mineral painting / paint / coating / Mineralfärg" ) on crusty cementous mortar / render / plaster is cracking. With the rain the capillary penetrating dampness is stored behind the painting layer islands. When frost comes, the painting layer is damaged and the subsoil / coating ground loses it's cohesion. Other critical info to the painting problem.


Detail: Painting layer damages at the synthetic resin-containing coat of paint


Inside: The chinoise paintings on the canvas tapestries / wallpapers burst as a result of the moist stress. The painting layer cracks. The light protection by inside curtains can't prevent enough the constantly increasing surface destruction .


Detail: Craquelée / painting layer damages / cracking on canvas coating

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Painting layer damages on boiserie / wooden panels / boards and chalk ground separation in the green cabinet


Extensive painting separation on the sill in the green cabinet


Corroded leather coating on the seats in the green cabinet

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Painting layer damages on door and chalk ground separation in the yellow passageway room


Injured / damaged painting layers / surface coatings in the porcelain cabinet

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In the red cabinet - like the yellow formed after copperplate engravings / prints of William Chambers' "Design of Chinese Buildings", London 1757, also serious painting layer separations


Damages and losses in the painting layer on boiserie and plaster / render also in the blue cabinet


Video clip Kina Slott Drottningholm

The BIG German Version: Die Huellflaechentemperierung Kapitel 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25




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